When are Miranda warnings not required?

Miranda warnings are not required for non-custodial and voluntary interrogations because these situations do not meet the criteria necessitating such warnings. The purpose of Miranda warnings is to inform a suspect of their rights when they are in custody and subject to interrogation, which could lead to self-incrimination. In non-custodial scenarios, an individual does not face the same coercive pressures as someone who is in custody; therefore, they are free to leave and not compelled to answer questions. As a result, the absence of custodial circumstances means that the rights outlined in Miranda do not need to be communicated, protecting the integrity of voluntary interactions between law enforcement and individuals.

In other contexts, such as custodial interrogations, interviews with minors, or public arrests, the requirement for Miranda warnings is generally applicable due to the potential risk of coercion or misunderstanding of rights, reinforcing the protections afforded to individuals during police interactions.